نشریه پژوهش در پزشکی
سال سی و هفتم شماره 4 (پیاپی 148، زمستان 1392)

Abstract Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease in a large number of old people that can cause pain and disability. Intra-articular injection is one of the recommended procedures to reduce this pain. In this issue some disagreements about analgesic effect of marcaine's (a trade name for bupivacaine) intra-articular injection for post operation pain due to knee surgeries has been seen. In this double-blind randomized clinical trial study, 22 patients with osteoarthritis were involved. Those have been electively referred to orthopedic and pain clinic of Zahedanskhatam-alanbia hospital between 2010 and 2011. One of the patient's knees randomly considered as case knee and another knee as control. Before any intervention each knee's pain was measured from 1 to 10 by Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and has been recorded. Then 4ml of 0.5% marcaine injected in case knee and 4ml saline injected in control. After 5 minutes, without removing the needle from the joint, synovial fluid aspirated, and aspiration pain measured with the same NRS scale. Afterward 40mg methylprednisolone was injected in both knees. Then pain separately measured in 1, 6, and 24 hours and finally one week after aspiration. Data were recorded and processed by SPSS software, version 18. Moreover, the paired test and Anova test were used for data analysis. In this study 22 patient, 12 female (54.5%) and 10 men (45.5%) were attended. The age average was 55.09 years and they were between 38 and 72 years old. Comparisons showed significant differences between case and control group in pain (P<0.001). Intra articular injections of marcaine can significantly relieves the pain after knee joint aspiration in patients with osteoarthritis, and it can be useful in this category.

Abstract Vitis vinifera has a number of flavonoids which applied as antioxidant and anti-cancer activity. The present study was carried out to investigate effects of seed, skin, juice and leaf extracts of five grape species gathered from Qazvin and Kashan provinces on lymphocyte proliferation. This experimental study was done on grape species of Shahroodi, Bidane sefid, Halvaie, Yaghoti and Ghermez yaghoti drosht. The effect of different part of this grape cultivars on lymphocyte proliferation was measured by MTT assay at different concentrations (10, 100, 1000, 2000, 3000 μg/ml). The seeds and old leaves of all five grape cultivars had high activity on lymphocyte proliferation, but juice did not affect lymphocyte proliferation. It seems that different part of grape plant has proliferating effect on lymphocyte, so it may be helpful for treatment of some immunodeficiency diseases.

Abstract By increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics, many attempts have been made by the researchers to find new compounds as a substitute for non-effective antibiotics. The aim of this research is comparative study of antibacterial properties of four species on standard strains of Escherichiacoli, Shigellaflexneri, Klebsiella pneumonia, Candida and Candida albicans. In vitro investigation was done in the research institute of Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch. After collecting the species from natural habits, the essential oil composition isolated by hydro-distillation and analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. Also, the antibacterial activity of each extract was tested on five bacteria species using MIC method. Based on our results, the chemical composition in the taxa varied with regard to predominance of sesquiterpene and monoterpene such as occidental and germacerne D, respectively. The most percentage of the total components is given toS. aethiopis and the minimumtoS.atropatana. All species have inhibitory effect on bacterial species especially in 5% concentration. S. aethiopis has antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli. Moreover,S. oligophylla has inhibitory effect on Candida albicans and S.macrosiphon has antibacterial effect on Klebsiella pneumonia. Since some of the concentrations of extracts especially in 5% showed significant antibacterial activity on given bacteria. Therefore, it provides more information regarding probable substitution of that for current antibiotics.

Abstract This study was performed on the base of importance ofphenylalanine dehydrogenase (PheDH) in the outbreak of phenylketonuria (PKU). In order for PKU screening one of the medical applications of enzyme is, identifying and quantifying the exact amount of L-phe in blood serum. The research question was whether the level of protein expression changes after optimization of codon usage in pET-23a and pPR37 expression vectors in E.coli expression system host and the level of expression of the two vectors are different. In this study, experimental approach has been performed. In this study, pdh gene optimized was used belonging to B.sphaericus that was cloned in the two expression vectors. Codon optimization was performed by online Jcat software. PheDH was purified by Ni-NTA chromatography column. The relative molecular mass of PheDH subunit was about 41KDa by SDS-PAGE 10%.The purity and amount of proteins were assessed by SDS-PAGE. The highest rate of expression was observed at 8h after induction inpETpdh/BL21 (DE3)plysS construction. The level of expression of other construction was very low. Applying this method for purification the specific activity of enzyme was 705 U/mg of protein. Our polyhistidine-tag enzyme can be ideally used for the immobilization on a nickel coated microliter plate surface. On the based of this research, it is recommended for large scale enzyme production. According to the comparison between the twogene construction,presumablypETpdh construction is appropriate for production of PeDH enzyme in large-scale.

Abstract Commercialization is to transfer the results of research and development rapidly and efficiently into the market. This study investigates the extent of research projects and their commercial status in the school of pharmacy during the 2002-2012 periods. It was a descriptive study.All193 completed projects were analyzed using several commercialization criteria: publication of articles in regional and international journals, patent registration, and production, conducting a joint program with industry, initial prototyping, and founding spin-off companies. Findings showed thatfrom 193 (100%) projects the majority of them 190(98.4%) were documented from 193, 100% of them had proposals and written final reports. The findings of 80% of research projects were utilized in some form. Four medical products, one patent, five new spin-off companies, one incubator knowledge base, 23 joint programs with industries and an income 20 billion Rials were the most significant achievements of the pharmacy school. All commercialization criteria were higher in 2012 compared with previous years. Data revealed that pharmacy school had some relationship with industries, assisted in the development of spin-off companies, and was instrumental in achieving initial prototyping and incubator knowledge base centers respectively.

Abstract Follicles are part of epidermis and pass through a cell cycle. The result of this cell division is producing hair. Follicles specially growing follicles are very sensitive against irradiation and are damaged by low dose rates. So in this study investigated the relationship between chronic exposure of radiation workers and their hair loss. In this study was used validated questionnaire and TES-TB device for measuring hair density in radiation workers and non radiation workers groups. 152 hospital personnel's participated in project. Radiation workers and non radiation workers groups were matched as age, work situation, work hours, work experience and baldness (family history). The mean hair density in female radiation workers (radiotherapy technicians, nuclear medicine technicians) was more than female non radiation workers (nurses). But there was no significant deference between hair densities of male radiation workers and non radiation workers. The chronic exposure in work place doesnt have any effect on hair loss because the value of dose rate in every session is about 2 cGy. While the minimum dose for hair cell death is 50 cGy and damage are observed as hair loss, reduction of hair thickness and the change of hair color.

Abstract Excessive consumption of antimicrobial materials in hospitals and the community is as the main encoder, led to the emergence, development and acquisition of new bacterial resistance to antimicrobials. According to the lack of enough information about the mechanisms of the resistant genes to disinfectants and receiving no report from the country and considering the resistance or sensitivity of the isolates of the Acinetobacter baumannii MDR in facing disinfectants, this study was taken place in the selected intensive care units if the hospitals of Tehran. This experimental study which was conducted over a period of 10 months, Acinetobacter baumannii species were separated by culture and biochemical tests. The resistance and sensitivity of the isolates to antibiotics is considered according to CLSI (2012) guidelines. By multiplex PCR method blaCTX and blaTEM were detected and finally, MDR strains were treated with 2% glutaraldehyde. Of 588 samples, 131 isolates (22.28%) of Acinetobacter baumannii were isolated. The amount of the resistance to various antibiotics was in the range of the 69.4% to 100%. The frequencies of the blaTEM and blaCTX were 3.2% and 19.4%, respectively, and there was no resistance to glutaraldehyde. It seems that beside variety and prevalence of blaTEM and blaCTX, enormous mechanisms like porin and leaking systems (efflux Pumps) are responsible in the making of the resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii to disinfectants. Also these results facilitated the study of phenotypic and genotypic resistance patterns of these antimicrobials and disinfectants in different parts of the world.

Abstract Respiratory distress syndrome is one of most common problems in neonatal medicine. Procalcitonin is a protein, which increases in acute bacterial infection, but this issue is a controversy in hyaline membrane disease. The purpose of this study was to compare serum procalcitonin in hyaline membrane disease, sepsis and pneumonia in Khatam al-Anbiya hospital of Tehran. This cross sectional study was conducted in two years since 1387 to 1389. Patients include 90 premature infants less than 37 weeks in three groups(group one 50 neonates withRDS, group two 19 neonates with sepsis and group three 18 cases with pneumonia. Mean of procalcitonin in neonates with HMD was 0.19 ± 0.1; in neonates with sepsis was 1.77 ± 0.6 and in cases with pneumonia was 2.22 ± 0.7 (P<0.01). From a total of 49 neonates with HMD 48 of them(96%) had serum PCT less than 0.5 ng/ml, and one baby showed a serum level higher than 2ng/ml. It seems that the procalcitonin is a good marker to differentiate RDS from pneumonia and sepsis.

Abstract Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a preventable mental retardation cause that can be diagnosed in early days of infancy and it can be treated on time.CH screening can decrease social-economic burden of the disease. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of permanent CH and increase transient TSH in newborns in Mazandaran. This was a review from official statistical records of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences to control the non-transitional diseases. Screening was performed using heel prick blood collecting in the 3rdto fifth days after birth in 139,111 neonates who were born from June 2006 to June 2010 in Mazandaran. The blood sample was taken on a special filter sheet and TSH >5 mu/L was recalled. TSH>10 and T4<6.5 was diagnosed CH by venous blood sampling and treatment was done.However, in TSH ≥20 treatment began immediately. The data was analyzed using SPSS 16. 139,111 newborns were screened. 71,301(51.2%) were male and 67,810 were (48.3%) female. Also, 8,438(6%) were recalled. Prevalence of permanent CH was 0.45 in 1000 newborns (1/2272) and transient TSH was 0.62 in 1000 newborns (1/1612). Prevalence of CH in Mazandaran is more than most countries. Thus, CH screening is necessary to be continued andsearch for CH high prevalence causes in Mazandaran is needed.

Abstract Thrombo-embolism occurs due to a lot of different etiologies and has a high rate of mortality. But septic embolus is a very uncommon type of embolism and this patient is reported as a septic mesenteric embolism. Case Report: A 16 month patients was referred to the hospital with signs and symptoms of intestinal obstruction and septicemia. After clinical and Para-clinical evaluation, the patient was scheduled for laparotomy and disclosed that all of the small intestine, except first 10 cm, was gangrened due to septic superior mesenteric artery embolism. This report shows that septic emboli can be one the rare etiology for superior mesenteric artery embolism.